Understanding the Specifics of Rectal Cancer

Rectal cancer and colon cancer, while sometimes paired together under the collective term colorectal cancer, have unique signs and symptoms. Differentiating these cancers is critical for early identification and effective treatment planning.

Location:

• Colon Cancer: Develops in the colon, the longer part of the large intestine responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from digested food.

• Rectal Cancer: Forms in the rectum, the final section of the large intestine located just above the anus, responsible for storing stool before elimination.

Symptoms:

• Colon Cancer: Early colon cancer may not present any symptoms. However, as it progresses, you might experience changes in bowel habits like constipation, diarrhoea, or blood in stool.

• Rectal Cancer: Symptoms often appear earlier than in colon cancer. These can include rectal bleeding, a change in bowel habits, a persistent feeling of needing to have a bowel movement (tenesmus), or narrow stools.

Treatment:

Treatment for both cancers often involve surgery. However, the specific approach can differ:

• Colon Cancer: Depending on the location and stage of the cancer, surgery might involve removing a portion of the colon.

• Rectal Cancer: Due to its proximity to the anus, rectal cancer treatment might involve additional therapies like radiation or chemotherapy before surgery to shrink the tumour and improve surgical outcomes.

Both colon and rectal cancer are highly treatable when detected early. Regular screenings are crucial for early detection. While colonoscopies are the gold standard for colon cancer screening, some screening options might also detect rectal cancer, like sigmoidoscopy. It's important to discuss the most appropriate screening option with your colorectal doctor based on your individual risk factors.

By understanding the distinctions between colon and rectal cancer, you can be more aware of the specific symptoms and the importance of timely screening. Early detection is key to successful treatment and a better prognosis for both types of cancer. Don't hesitate to talk to your doctor about your risk factors and the best screening options for you.